Lutheran Lens Commentary: Galatians 5:22-23 (Fruit of the Spirit)

Lutheran Lens Reading of Galatians 5:22-23 (Fruit of the Spirit)

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Galatians 5:22-23 through the lens of Law and Gospel, understanding the 'fruit of the Spirit' as the result of the Gospel's work in us, not as a new law to fulfill through our own efforts. This passage is Gospel because it declares what the Holy Spirit produces in us, not what we must produce for God. It assures us that, due to our justification by faith alone, the Holy Spirit is actively at work in us, transforming us despite our simul justus et peccator condition. In this way, it highlights sanctification as a natural outflow of justification, emphasizing the theology of the cross where God works through our weakness to manifest His strength.

Key Language Decisions

The Greek term 'karpos' (fruit) is singular, emphasizing the unified work of the Spirit rather than individual virtues to be pursued. This supports the Lutheran view that these are not separate tasks we must accomplish but a singular fruit produced by the Spirit. The list of virtues—love, joy, peace, etc.—are not commands but descriptions of the Spirit's transformative work, affirming that sanctification is not by human effort but by grace through faith.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike some Reformed traditions that may emphasize the fruits as indicators of election or evidence of genuine faith, we understand them as the inevitable result of the Spirit's work in those justified by faith. This distinction matters because it ensures that the focus remains on God's action in Christ rather than our performance. We differ from traditions that view these virtues as moral imperatives or evidence of progressive sanctification, as our emphasis remains on the Spirit's role and the believer's status as simultaneously saint and sinner.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, emphasize that the fruit of the Spirit is not a checklist for spiritual success but a testament to the Spirit's work in our justified, yet sinful, lives. Encourage the congregation to see these fruits as evidence of God’s gracious work in them, not as burdens to bear. Remind them of their baptismal identity, where the old Adam is daily drowned, and the new life in Christ is nurtured by Word and Sacrament. Reassure them that even when they fail to embody these fruits perfectly, they remain fully righteous in Christ. The congregation should leave with the comfort that their sanctification is as secure as their justification, wrought entirely by God’s grace.

Cross-References: Romans 8:9-11; Philippians 2:13; Ephesians 2:8-10; John 15:4-5; Titus 3:5-6

Doctrinal Connections: justification by faith alone; simul justus et peccator; sanctification as a work of the Spirit; the theology of the cross; means of grace