Lutheran Lens Commentary: Genesis 50

Lutheran Lens Reading of Genesis 50

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In Genesis 50, we read Joseph's forgiveness of his brothers as a profound example of the Gospel breaking into a narrative of sin and betrayal. The Law is evident in the brothers' guilt and fear of retribution, but the Gospel shines through Joseph's assurance of God's providential care and his refusal to play God. This passage points us to Christ, who, like Joseph, was betrayed but forgives and redeems. We see here the theology of the cross — unexpected grace and mercy arising from suffering and wrongdoing, foreshadowing the ultimate act of forgiveness found in Christ's sacrifice.

Key Language Decisions

In verse 20, the Hebrew word 'ḥāšaḇ' (חָשַׁב) is significant, often translated as 'meant' or 'intended.' This word underscores God's active involvement and purpose, even in human sinfulness. In our tradition, this aligns with God's use of the Law to reveal sin but ultimately work it for good — a Gospel promise. The focus is not on human intentions but on divine purpose, reinforcing our understanding of God's sovereign grace.

Where Traditions Diverge

Our reading diverges from Calvinist interpretations, which may emphasize predestination in God's intentions more than the interplay of Law and Gospel. We focus on God's providence through the Law's exposure of sin and the Gospel's redemption. Unlike some evangelical traditions that may highlight moral lessons from Joseph's character, we see the narrative as Christological, pointing to God's ultimate work in Christ rather than human virtue.

Pastoral Application

Preaching this passage, we must emphasize the comfort of the Gospel in the face of sin and guilt. The Law exposes the brothers' fear, but the Gospel comes through Joseph's forgiveness, reminding us of God's grace in Christ. Our congregations should hear that, like Joseph's brothers, we are simul justus et peccator — yet assured of God's ultimate good purpose. In pastoral care, this text encourages us to trust in God's providence even amidst suffering and betrayal, offering forgiveness as a reflection of Christ's love.

Cross-References: Romans 8:28, emphasizing God's working all things for good; Matthew 6:12, on forgiveness; Luke 23:34, Jesus' forgiveness of those who crucified Him; Ephesians 1:11, God's purpose and will; Acts 2:23, God's plan in Christ's crucifixion

Doctrinal Connections: The theology of the cross — God hidden in suffering and redemption; Law and Gospel — the brothers' fear versus Joseph's grace; Providence — God's sovereign use of evil for good; Forgiveness — a central Gospel theme manifesting in Joseph; Christological reading — Joseph as a type of Christ