Lutheran Lens Commentary: Ruth 4:1-12

Lutheran Lens Reading of Ruth 4:1-12

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Ruth 4:1-12 as a narrative that powerfully illustrates God's providential care and the unfolding of His redemptive plan. Boaz's role as the kinsman-redeemer prefigures Christ, who redeems us from sin and death. This passage showcases the interplay of Law and Gospel: the Law is evident in the legal proceedings at the city gate, demonstrating the necessity of lawful redemption, while the Gospel is revealed in the surprising gift of inclusion and blessing for Ruth and Naomi, pointing to the grace we receive in Christ. The text invites us to see God's hidden work through ordinary means and relationships, aligning with the theology of the cross where God works through suffering and humility rather than obvious triumph.

Key Language Decisions

The Hebrew term 'goel' (redeemer) is pivotal, indicating one who has the right and responsibility to redeem. In Lutheran theology, this term is understood Christologically, as Christ is our ultimate Redeemer. Additionally, the term 'chayil' (noble character) used to describe Boaz is significant, emphasizing his role as a Christ-like figure. These linguistic insights underscore the passage's alignment with the Lutheran emphasis on Christ's redemptive work and the Law's function in revealing God's order for human life.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike Reformed traditions that might emphasize the covenantal aspects of the passage, we focus on the Christological dimension, seeing Boaz as a type of Christ. While some Evangelical readings might highlight the moral example of Boaz, we resist turning the narrative into a mere moral lesson, maintaining the distinction between Law and Gospel and emphasizing God's grace over human action.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we emphasize God's faithful provision and the surprising ways He works through ordinary means. Congregants should hear that, like Ruth and Naomi, we are recipients of unmerited grace through Christ our Redeemer. This text encourages us to trust in God's providence and His hidden work in our lives. We remind the faithful of their baptismal identity, rooted in God's promise, and call them to live out their vocations in gratitude for the redemption they have received. The congregation should leave with a deepened understanding of how God's grace unfolds in the midst of life's legalities and struggles.

Cross-References: Leviticus 25:25-28; Deuteronomy 25:5-10; Galatians 3:13; Ephesians 1:7; 1 Peter 1:18-19

Doctrinal Connections: Law and Gospel; Justification by faith alone; The theology of the cross; Vocation; Christ as our Redeemer