Roman Catholic Lens Commentary: Romans 5:12-21

Roman Catholic Lens Reading of Romans 5:12-21

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Romans 5:12-21 as a profound exposition of the doctrine of original sin and the redemptive work of Christ. The passage underscores the universality of sin introduced by Adam and the superabundant grace brought by Jesus Christ, the New Adam. This aligns with our sacramental understanding that grace is mediated through Christ and his Church, particularly through the sacraments. We see in this text the historical and spiritual continuity from Adam, through whom sin entered the world, to Christ, through whom grace and life are abundantly restored.

Key Language Decisions

In this passage, the Greek word 'paraptōma' (trespass) is used to describe Adam's sin, which the Church has traditionally understood as a singular, historical event with universal effects. The term 'charis' (grace) is pivotal, emphasizing the overflowing gift of grace through Christ. Our tradition emphasizes that this grace is not merely a covering for sin but an actual infusion of divine life, transforming the soul, as indicated by the phrase 'abounded for many.' This aligns with our understanding of sanctifying grace as real participation in the divine nature.

Where Traditions Diverge

Our tradition differs from Protestant interpretations, particularly those emphasizing 'sola fide,' in that we do not see justification as solely forensic but as involving actual transformation through sanctifying grace. While some traditions view Christ's righteousness as merely imputed, we believe it is imparted, transforming the believer. This distinction matters because it underpins our sacramental theology, where grace is communicated through the Church and its sacraments.

Pastoral Application

As we preach this passage, we should emphasize the transformative power of grace that we receive through Christ and the sacraments. It is essential to remind the faithful that the remedy to the sin of Adam is found in the Eucharist, where Christ is truly present and offers us his life. Encourage the congregation to participate in the sacraments regularly, especially Reconciliation and the Eucharist, as means of growing in grace. Highlight the call to cooperate with grace, living out our faith through works of love, as our response to the gift of salvation.

Cross-References: 1 Corinthians 15:21-22; Genesis 3:1-19; Catechism of the Catholic Church, 396-409; Council of Trent, Session V, Decree on Original Sin; Ephesians 2:8-9

Doctrinal Connections: Original Sin; Justification and Sanctification; The New Adam; Grace and Merit; Sacramental Economy