Lutheran Lens Commentary: 1 John 1:5-10

Lutheran Lens Reading of 1 John 1:5-10

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read 1 John 1:5-10 as a vivid illustration of the Law and Gospel distinction. The passage begins with the Law: 'God is light, and in him is no darkness at all,' exposing our sin and inability to stand in that light by our own merits. The confession of sin is the acknowledgment of our total depravity and need for grace — the Law shows us we are liars if we claim to be without sin. Yet, the Gospel shines as we are promised forgiveness and cleansing through Jesus Christ, who is the propitiation for our sins. This passage is a clear proclamation that our righteousness is not found in us but in Christ, emphasizing our identity as simul justus et peccator.

Key Language Decisions

The Greek word 'koinonia' (fellowship) in verse 6 emphasizes the relational aspect of our faith — both with God and with one another. The choice of 'propitiation' in verse 9 (Greek: 'hilasmos') highlights the sacrificial aspect of Christ's work, underscoring the Gospel's promise. The emphasis on 'cleansing' from all unrighteousness reflects the transformative power of grace, aligning with the Lutheran understanding of justification and sanctification.

Where Traditions Diverge

Our tradition diverges from Reformed readings which might emphasize the perseverance of the saints in a way that de-emphasizes the ongoing reality of sin in the believer. Catholic interpretations might stress the necessity of confession as a sacrament in a manner that does not align with our view of sola fide and the immediate access to grace through faith alone. The Lutheran distinction of Law and Gospel is crucial here, as we maintain the tension between our sinful nature and the Gospel's promise of forgiveness in Christ.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we emphasize the reality of sin and the necessity of confession, not as a means to earn grace, but as the Law's work in leading us to the Gospel. The congregation should be assured of their forgiveness in Christ, grounding their identity in their baptismal promise and the means of grace. A Lutheran pastor will remind the flock that they are simul justus et peccator, living in the tension of being fully justified yet fully in need of daily repentance and renewal. The focus must remain on Christ's sufficiency, not on our ability to walk in the light apart from His grace.

Cross-References: Romans 3:23-24; Ephesians 2:8-9; Galatians 2:16; Psalm 32:5; John 8:12; Hebrews 4:14-16

Doctrinal Connections: Law and Gospel; simul justus et peccator; justification by faith alone; the theology of the cross; means of grace; total depravity