Lutheran Lens Commentary: Exodus 5:1-23

Lutheran Lens Reading of Exodus 5:1-23

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In Exodus 5:1-23, we read this passage as a profound illustration of the tension between Law and Gospel. The Law is manifest in Pharaoh’s harsh response to Moses and Aaron’s request, revealing the bondage and oppression of the Israelites, which echoes our own bondage under sin. This narrative points us toward Christ, the true deliverer, who frees us from the tyranny of sin and death. The Israelites’ suffering prefigures the suffering of Christ and the theology of the cross, where God is revealed in weakness and apparent defeat for the sake of our salvation.

Key Language Decisions

In this passage, the Hebrew word 'avadim' (servants/slaves) is critical as it underscores the Israelites' physical and spiritual bondage, which aligns with our understanding of humanity's bondage under sin (servants of sin). The use of 'shalah' (to send out or release) by Moses and Aaron emphasizes the divine intention of liberation, mirroring the Gospel promise of freedom in Christ. These language choices reinforce the Law's condemnation and the Gospel's promise of deliverance.

Where Traditions Diverge

While Reformed traditions might emphasize the sovereignty of God in Pharaoh's hard-heartedness as a demonstration of divine election, we focus on the Law's role in exposing humanity's sinfulness and inability to free itself. Unlike Arminian traditions that might stress human cooperation in liberation, we emphasize that true freedom comes solely through God's initiative in Christ, highlighting the theology of the cross where God's power is made perfect in weakness.

Pastoral Application

When preaching this passage, we must highlight the harsh reality of the Law, which exposes our bondage under sin, much like the Israelites' bondage in Egypt. Yet, we are compelled to proclaim the Gospel promise that, in Christ, we are freed from this bondage. A Lutheran Lens congregation expects to hear of Christ's work as the ultimate liberator who accomplishes what we cannot. Emphasize the theology of the cross, showing that in our own sufferings and weaknesses, God is at work to bring about redemption and new life through the means of grace.

Cross-References: Romans 7:14-25; Galatians 5:1; Isaiah 53:3-5; John 8:34-36; 1 Peter 2:24

Doctrinal Connections: Law and Gospel; theology of the cross; simul justus et peccator; bondage of the will; justification by faith alone