Lutheran Lens Commentary: Genesis 3

Lutheran Lens Reading of Genesis 3

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Genesis 3 through the Lutheran Lens as a foundational text for understanding the distinction between Law and Gospel. In this passage, the Law is vividly displayed through the command not to eat from the tree and the subsequent judgment following Adam and Eve's disobedience. The Gospel, however, is foreshadowed in God's promise of redemption through the seed of the woman (v. 15). This protoevangelium points us to Christ, who fulfills God's promise to crush the serpent's head, offering salvation and restoration. Our reading emphasizes humanity's fall into sin and the necessity of divine grace for redemption.

Key Language Decisions

The Hebrew term 'עָרוּם' (arum) in Genesis 3:1, meaning 'crafty' or 'shrewd,' contrasts with the innocence of Adam and Eve, highlighting the serpent's role in the deception and the cunning nature of sin. The term 'עֵצֶב' (etsev), used in God's pronouncement of the consequences of sin, communicates the deep sorrow and pain now inherent in human experience — a key aspect of the Law's exposure of sin. Our tradition emphasizes these language nuances to underscore the severity of the fall and the depth of human need for the Gospel's promise.

Where Traditions Diverge

Our Lutheran reading particularly diverges from the Reformed tradition, which often emphasizes covenant theology and the perseverance of the saints in this passage. We focus instead on the Law’s role in revealing human inability and the Gospel's promise of redemption. Unlike some evangelical readings, we do not view Genesis 3 primarily as a moral lesson but as a revelation of sin's reality and God's plan of salvation through Christ. This distinction matters theologically as it centers on God's action rather than human response or effort.

Pastoral Application

In preaching Genesis 3, a Lutheran Lens pastor should highlight the severity of the Law, which exposes our total corruption and inability to save ourselves, thus driving us to despair of our own efforts. This sets the stage for the unconditional promise of the Gospel, where Christ is proclaimed as the one who has conquered sin and death for us. Our emphasis should be on the assurance of salvation through Christ's work and the comfort of being justified by faith alone. The congregation should hear that even in the midst of judgment, God provides hope through His promise, and this promise is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, offering peace and reconciliation.

Cross-References: Romans 5:12-19; 1 Corinthians 15:21-22; Isaiah 53:5; John 3:16; Romans 8:20-22

Doctrinal Connections: simul justus et peccator; justification by faith alone; the theology of the cross; original sin; the bondage of the will