Lutheran Lens Commentary: Romans 1:18-23

Lutheran Lens Reading of Romans 1:18-23

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Romans 1:18-23 as a stark revelation of the Law, where God's wrath is revealed against all ungodliness and unrighteousness. This passage shows the total depravity of humanity and our inability to know God rightly without His gracious revelation. It underscores the theology of the cross, as it exposes the futility of human wisdom and the old Adam's inclination to suppress the truth. We see the need for the Gospel's proclamation, as only through Christ can we be rescued from the wrath revealed here.

Key Language Decisions

In this passage, the Greek word 'ἀσέβεια' (asebeia), translated as 'ungodliness,' is crucial in showing humanity's fundamental rejection of God’s order. The term 'δικαιοσύνη' (dikaiosyne), often rendered as 'righteousness,' contrasts with human unrighteousness, highlighting the need for Christ's imputed righteousness. Our tradition emphasizes these language choices to accentuate the Law's severity and humanity's need for divine grace.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike Reformed traditions that may emphasize predestination in this passage, we focus on the Law revealing sin and the need for the Gospel. Our reading differs significantly from Arminian interpretations that might stress human ability to choose God, which we reject due to the doctrine of the bondage of the will. This distinction is crucial as it underlines our belief in sola gratia — grace alone saves.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, a Lutheran Lens pastor should emphasize the Law's role in exposing our total depravity and our need for Christ's righteousness. The congregation should hear the unyielding truth of our sinfulness and the comforting assurance that God’s grace is sufficient for our salvation. Highlight the futility of human wisdom and righteousness apart from Christ, directing believers to cling to the means of grace. The sermon should conclude with the Gospel promise that through faith alone, we are justified and made righteous in Christ.

Cross-References: Romans 3:23-24; Ephesians 2:1-5; 1 Corinthians 1:18-25; Galatians 3:10-14; Psalm 14:1-3

Doctrinal Connections: the theology of the cross; original sin; justification by faith alone; the bondage of the will; Law and Gospel