Lutheran Lens Commentary: Romans 2:1-11

Lutheran Lens Reading of Romans 2:1-11

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In Romans 2:1-11, we read this passage through the strict distinction of Law and Gospel. The Law is evident as it exposes our hypocrisy and inability to meet God's righteous standards, while the Gospel, although not directly stated in this passage, stands as the promise of grace for those who recognize their sinfulness. This passage underscores the theology of the cross, where God's judgment against sin reveals our total reliance on Christ's redemptive work. We see the necessity of Christ's righteousness, as human efforts and moral judgment fall short of God's glory.

Key Language Decisions

The Greek word 'anapologetos' in verse 1, meaning 'without excuse,' underscores our understanding of the Law's function to expose our sinful nature. The use of 'krima' (judgment) highlights the inevitability of God's righteous judgment, reinforcing the Law's role in convicting us of sin. The tradition emphasizes the received text's clear delineation of Law in this passage, noting the absence of Gospel as a deliberate call to recognize our need for Christ.

Where Traditions Diverge

Lutheran theology diverges from Reformed traditions, which might emphasize moral improvement or sanctification as evidence of salvation. Instead, we maintain that this passage underscores our total reliance on Christ's righteousness alone. Unlike some evangelical readings that might see this passage as a call to moral action, we see it as a clear revelation of our need for justification by faith apart from works.

Pastoral Application

Pastorally, we apply this text by leading our congregations to a sober recognition of their sinfulness, allowing the Law to do its work in revealing the need for Christ. We avoid moral exhortation and instead focus on the assurance of grace for the repentant sinner. This passage invites us to trust in the means of grace — Word and Sacrament — where Christ's righteousness is given to us. Our congregations should expect to hear the comforting promise that, despite our failures, we are justified by grace through faith alone, apart from works.

Cross-References: Romans 3:23-24; Galatians 3:10-14; Matthew 7:1-5; James 2:10-13; 1 Peter 1:17

Doctrinal Connections: Law and Gospel; simul justus et peccator; theology of the cross; justification by faith alone; total depravity