Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Commentary: 2 Corinthians 5:16-21

Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Reading of 2 Corinthians 5:16-21

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In 2 Corinthians 5:16-21, we read this passage as a profound exposition of the new creation in Christ and the ministry of reconciliation. Paul speaks of the radical transformation brought about by sovereign grace, where believers are no longer regarded according to the flesh but in the light of Christ's redemptive work. This text underscores the covenantal shift that occurs in the life of the believer — from the old covenant of works to the new covenant of grace in Christ. The reconciliation discussed here is not a potential or hypothetical offer but an accomplished reality for the elect, grounded in God's eternal decree and effected through Christ's definitive atonement.

Key Language Decisions

In verse 17, the Greek term 'καινὴ κτίσις' (kainē ktisis) is pivotal, meaning 'new creation.' This term supports our understanding of the transformative power of God's grace, moving beyond mere moral improvement to a complete renewal of the believer's nature. The use of 'καταλλάσσω' (katallassō) in verses 18-20, translated as 'reconcile,' emphasizes God's initiative in restoring a broken relationship — fitting our doctrine of monergistic salvation where God alone reconciles us to Himself.

Where Traditions Diverge

Our Reformed reading emphasizes the monergistic nature of reconciliation in contrast to Arminian traditions, which may view reconciliation as contingent upon human response. Unlike Roman Catholicism, which sees reconciliation as involving sacramental participation, we hold that reconciliation is a once-for-all act accomplished by Christ and applied by the Spirit through faith. This difference underscores our belief in the sufficiency of Christ's atonement and the sovereign application of grace.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we should emphasize the assurance believers have in their new identity in Christ. The congregation should be reminded that their reconciliation with God is a finished work, accomplished through Christ's atoning sacrifice and God's sovereign initiative. This truth offers profound comfort and calls us to live as ambassadors of this reconciliation, proclaiming the gospel of grace. Pastors should encourage the congregation to rest in the security of God's covenantal promises, knowing that our standing before God is based on His unchangeable decree and not our fluctuating faithfulness.

Cross-References: Romans 5:10; Ephesians 2:14-18; Colossians 1:20-22; Isaiah 43:18-19; Galatians 6:15

Doctrinal Connections: covenant of grace; sovereign grace; definite atonement; new creation; reconciliation through Christ