Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Commentary: Acts 10:34-35

Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Reading of Acts 10:34-35

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Acts 10:34-35 within the redemptive-historical framework as a pivotal moment in the unfolding of the covenant of grace, demonstrating God's sovereign choice to extend salvation beyond Israel to the Gentiles. This passage highlights the impartiality of God's election, not based on ethnicity or human merit, but on His sovereign decree. Peter's realization that God 'shows no partiality' underscores the inclusivity of the New Covenant in Christ, fulfilling the Abrahamic promise that all nations would be blessed through him, and pointing to the ultimate unity of Jew and Gentile in the body of Christ.

Key Language Decisions

In the Greek, the term 'προσωπολήμπτης' (prosōpolēmptēs) used in verse 34 is significant as it means 'one who receives faces,' underscoring God's impartial nature. The semantic range of 'δεκτός' (dektos) in verse 35, often translated as 'acceptable,' emphasizes the acceptance of those who fear God and work righteousness, not as a meritorious action, but as evidence of God's sovereign grace at work in their lives. These translation choices affirm our understanding of God's sovereign election and grace.

Where Traditions Diverge

In contrast to Arminian interpretations, which may view this passage as evidence of conditional election based on foreseen faith, we hold to unconditional election, emphasizing God's sovereign choice rather than human decision. Additionally, while dispensationalists might see this as a new dispensation, we view it as the continuation and fulfillment of the covenant of grace, consistent with covenant theology.

Pastoral Application

As pastors, we must encourage our congregations to marvel at the sovereign grace of God, who calls people from every nation to Himself. This passage should embolden us to proclaim the gospel to all, knowing that God is at work beyond ethnic and cultural boundaries. We should remind our people that their acceptance before God rests not on their works, but on His sovereign decree and grace in Christ. This text also challenges us to actively pursue unity within the church, reflecting the inclusive nature of the New Covenant community.

Cross-References: Genesis 12:3; Isaiah 49:6; Acts 15:8-9; Romans 9:24-26; Ephesians 2:11-22

Doctrinal Connections: sovereign grace; covenant of grace; unconditional election; irresistible grace; the unity of the church; fulfillment of the Abrahamic promise