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Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Commentary: Exodus 11:1-10

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Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Reading of Exodus 11:1-10

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Exodus 11:1-10 through the lens of God's sovereign decree and his covenantal dealings with his people. This passage is a crucial moment in redemptive history, where God's sovereign plan to deliver Israel from bondage in Egypt anticipates the ultimate redemption through Christ. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a clear demonstration of divine sovereignty, illustrating that God's purposes in history are never thwarted by human resistance. This text underscores the covenant of grace, as God is about to fulfill his promise to Abraham by bringing his descendants out of Egypt to the Promised Land.

Key Language Decisions

In this passage, the Hebrew word for 'harden' (כָּבֵד, kaved) is significant, as it supports the Reformed understanding of God's sovereignty over human hearts. The semantic range of 'harden' includes making heavy or insensible, reinforcing that Pharaoh's resistance is under God's control. This aligns with our emphasis on divine initiative in human affairs. The tradition also highlights the term 'plague' (נֶגַע, nega), emphasizing the judgment aspect of God's actions against Egypt in fulfillment of his covenant promises.

Where Traditions Diverge

Our tradition's reading of Exodus 11:1-10 differs from Arminian interpretations, which may emphasize human free will over divine sovereignty. We assert that the hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a decisive act of God's sovereign choice, illustrating monergistic salvation and God's ultimate control over history. This view diverges from traditions that prioritize human agency, as we believe that Scripture consistently teaches God's sovereign decree at work in redemption history.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we emphasize God's unwavering faithfulness to his covenant promises, encouraging the congregation with the assurance that our salvation rests on God's sovereign grace, not our own efforts. We remind the church that just as God delivered Israel through his mighty hand, he delivers us from the bondage of sin through Christ. This text calls us to trust in God's providence, knowing that even when circumstances appear bleak, God's purposes will prevail. Our focus is on God's glory and the comfort that comes from knowing that nothing can thwart his redemptive plan.

Cross-References: Romans 9:17-18; Genesis 15:13-14; Exodus 4:21; Isaiah 46:9-10; Acts 2:23

Doctrinal Connections: Sovereignty of God; Covenant of Grace; Effectual Calling; Perseverance of the Saints; Total Depravity

Topics & Themes

Sovereignty of GodCovenant of GraceEffectual CallingPerseverance of the SaintsTotal Depravity

Scripture References

Exodus 11:1-10

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