Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Commentary: Matthew 28:19-20 (The Great Commission)

Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Reading of Matthew 28:19-20 (The Great Commission)

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read this passage, commonly known as the Great Commission, as the culmination of Christ's earthly ministry and the inauguration of the Church's mission within the framework of the covenant of grace. Jesus, having all authority in heaven and on earth, commands his disciples to make disciples of all nations, baptizing them and teaching them to observe all that he has commanded. This passage is not a mere call to evangelism but a directive for covenantal expansion, where the gospel's proclamation goes forth to gather the elect from every tribe and tongue, fulfilling God's sovereign plan of redemption.

Key Language Decisions

In the Greek text, the imperative 'make disciples' (μαθητεύσατε) is central, with the participles 'baptizing' (βαπτίζοντες) and 'teaching' (διδάσκοντες) showing how this disciple-making is to be carried out. The phrase 'all nations' (πάντα τὰ ἔθνη) underscores the global scope of the covenant community, aligning with the Abrahamic promise that all nations will be blessed through his seed. The tradition emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Christ's authority and command, reflected linguistically in the use of 'all' (πᾶς) multiple times.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike the Reformed tradition, which views the Great Commission as embedded within the framework of the covenant of grace and God's sovereign plan, Arminian traditions might emphasize human agency and decision-making in fulfilling this command. Lutheran traditions may focus more on the means of grace and the presence of Christ in the sacraments, rather than on the covenantal and redemptive-historical context. These differences underscore theological commitments regarding God's sovereignty and human responsibility.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we emphasize the assurance that Christ's command is undergirded by his sovereign authority. The task of making disciples is not dependent on human strength but is empowered by God’s decree and the Spirit’s work. We remind the congregation that baptism signifies entry into the covenant community, and that teaching is a means of grace by which believers are nurtured in faith. The congregation should be encouraged to see their participation in this mission as a response to God’s sovereign grace, with an assurance that Christ is with them always, to the end of the age.

Cross-References: Genesis 12:3; Psalm 22:27; Isaiah 49:6; Matthew 24:14; Acts 1:8; Revelation 7:9

Doctrinal Connections: Covenant of grace; Sovereignty of God; Effectual calling; Means of grace; Perseverance of the saints