Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Commentary: John 21:15-19

Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Reading of John 21:15-19

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In John 21:15-19, we read this passage as a profound moment of covenant renewal and restoration within the redemptive history. Christ’s thrice-repeated question to Peter echoes Peter’s threefold denial, pointing us to the necessity of grace in restoring believers who fall. This passage is a testament to sovereign grace at work, as Christ himself initiates the restoration, underscoring the doctrine of perseverance of the saints. It illustrates the covenantal faithfulness of Christ, who upholds his chosen despite their failures, reflecting the covenant of grace that remains steadfast through human weakness.

Key Language Decisions

In the Greek text, the use of 'agapao' and 'phileo' in the exchange between Jesus and Peter is significant. While some traditions emphasize these as different kinds of love, we focus on the covenantal context rather than semantic distinctions. The imperative 'Boske ta arnia mou' (feed my lambs) resonates with Christ’s commissioning, underscoring His sovereignty in appointing Peter to shepherd the flock — a role sustained by divine grace, not human merit.

Where Traditions Diverge

Our reading diverges from the Arminian tradition in emphasizing Peter's restoration as an act of sovereign grace rather than human decision. While some traditions may focus on Peter's response as evidence of human initiative, we see it undergirded by divine election and effectual calling. This distinction matters because it affirms that our security in Christ is rooted in His unshakeable covenant promises, not our fluctuating resolve.

Pastoral Application

Preaching this passage, we should emphasize the assurance and comfort found in Christ’s sovereign grace. Congregants can be encouraged that their failures do not thwart God’s redemptive purposes because of the covenantal faithfulness of our Lord. We remind them that Christ, as the Good Shepherd, restores and commissions us despite our flaws, a testament to the perseverance of the saints. Our focus should be on the transformative power of grace that redeems and equips us for service, highlighting that our strength is found in Christ alone, not in our abilities.

Cross-References: Luke 22:31-32; 1 Peter 5:1-4; Ezekiel 34:11-16; Matthew 16:18; Romans 8:28-30

Doctrinal Connections: Perseverance of the saints; Covenant of grace; Effectual calling; Sovereign grace; Christ’s mediatorial kingship