Lutheran Lens Commentary: 1 Peter 5:1-5

Lutheran Lens Reading of 1 Peter 5:1-5

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In 1 Peter 5:1-5, we read this as both Law and Gospel. The exhortation to elders is Law, revealing our inability to shepherd perfectly, while the call to humility reflects the Gospel, pointing to Christ's humble service and sacrificial love. We see the theology of the cross vividly here, as God calls us to lead not through power but through suffering and service. This passage reminds us that our pastoral identity is rooted in Christ's example, and we are simul justus et peccator — we strive to shepherd faithfully even as we rely on Christ's righteousness.

Key Language Decisions

The Greek term 'ποιμάνατε' (poimanate) for 'shepherd' underscores the pastoral role as one of care and guidance, echoing Christ as the Good Shepherd. The phrase 'κατακυριεύοντες' (katakurieuontes) means 'lording over,' contrasting with Christ's model of servant leadership. These terms emphasize the Law's demand for humility and the Gospel's provision of Christ's humble example.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike Reformed traditions, which may emphasize the moral obligations of church leaders, we focus on the theology of the cross — leadership through weakness and suffering. Roman Catholic readings might stress the hierarchical structure of church offices, whereas we emphasize every pastor's role as a humble servant under Christ, the Chief Shepherd. These differences matter because they shape how we view pastoral authority and service in light of the Gospel.

Pastoral Application

A Lutheran Lens pastor will emphasize the shepherding role as a vocation marked by humility and service, following the example of Christ. We remind our congregations that, as simul justus et peccator, we are both called to lead and in need of Christ's grace. The focus will be on how Christ, our Chief Shepherd, equips and forgives us even as we stumble in our pastoral duties. Congregants should hear how their own lives reflect this call to humility, rooted in their baptismal identity and sustained by the means of grace.

Cross-References: John 10:11-15; Philippians 2:5-8; Ezekiel 34:11-16; Matthew 20:25-28

Doctrinal Connections: Office of the Holy Ministry; theology of the cross; simul justus et peccator; vocation; justification by faith alone