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Lutheran Lens Commentary: Exodus 1:15-22

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Lutheran Lens Reading of Exodus 1:15-22

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Exodus 1:15-22 through the lens of the Law and Gospel distinction. The passage reveals the Law in the form of Pharaoh's oppressive command, exposing the sinfulness and brokenness of human power. Yet, even amidst such darkness, we see a glimmer of the Gospel in the faithfulness and courage of the Hebrew midwives, who fear God rather than man, pointing us to a trust in God's ultimate deliverance. This text foreshadows Christ, who fulfills God's promises and liberates us from the bondage of sin and death.

Key Language Decisions

The Hebrew word 'yare,' meaning 'to fear' or 'to be in awe,' is crucial here. The midwives 'feared God' (Exodus 1:17), demonstrating a reverence and trust that stands in stark contrast to Pharaoh's oppressive decree. This reverence is not mere human courage but a response to God's sovereign authority. The Lutheran tradition emphasizes this as an act of faith, not works, aligning with our understanding of faith as a gift from God.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike some Reformed traditions that may focus on the moral example of the midwives, we emphasize the theology of the cross, seeing God working through suffering and weakness. Catholic interpretations might stress an inherent righteousness in the midwives' actions, but we see their faith as a response to God's grace, not an inherent quality. This difference highlights our focus on justification by faith alone.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we remind our congregations that the Law reveals our bondage under sin, just as Pharaoh's decree highlighted human corruption. Yet, the Gospel assures us of God's deliverance through Christ, who frees us from the ultimate Pharaoh — sin and death. The midwives' actions remind us of our baptismal identity, where we are called to live out our vocations in faith and trust, even amidst adversity. A Lutheran congregation would expect to hear how God's grace empowers our vocations and how Christ's victory is manifest in our daily lives through the means of grace.

Cross-References: Romans 13:1-7; Acts 5:29; Psalm 118:8-9; Hebrews 11:23-26; Matthew 10:28

Doctrinal Connections: Law and Gospel; Theology of the Cross; Simul Justus et Peccator; Vocation; Justification by Faith Alone

Topics & Themes

Law and GospelTheology of the CrossSimul Justus et PeccatorVocationJustification by Faith Alone

Scripture References

Exodus 1:15-22

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