Lutheran Lens Commentary: Galatians 2:15-21

Lutheran Lens Reading of Galatians 2:15-21

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In Galatians 2:15-21, we read this passage as a clear declaration of justification by faith alone. Paul’s words here sharply divide Law and Gospel, showing the insufficiency of the Law to justify and the necessity of Christ’s atoning work. We see our total inability to fulfill the Law's demands, and yet, through faith in Christ, we receive the righteousness of God. Here, Paul embodies the theology of the cross, as he emphasizes that it is through the crucifixion of Christ, not any works of the Law, that we are justified.

Key Language Decisions

The Greek word 'dikaioō' (δικαιόω) is crucial in this passage, translated as 'justify' or 'declared righteous.' This term underscores our forensic understanding of justification — it is God's declarative act of grace. The phrase 'faith in Jesus Christ' (πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ) is interpreted as the means by which this justification is received, emphasizing faith's role as a gift rather than a human work.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike the Roman Catholic tradition, which sees justification as a process involving human cooperation and infused righteousness, we emphasize it as a declarative act by God, received by faith alone. Furthermore, unlike Reformed traditions that may conflate sanctification with justification, we maintain a distinct separation — justification is solely God's work, while sanctification flows from it.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we must underscore the futility of relying on the Law or our own works for righteousness. We apply this text by comfortingly proclaiming that in Christ, God has done everything necessary for our justification. This passage invites us to live in the freedom of the Gospel, recognizing our identity as simul justus et peccator — fully justified yet still in need of daily repentance. A Lutheran Lens congregation expects to hear about the centrality of Christ’s atoning work and the assurance that our standing before God is secure through Him alone.

Cross-References: Romans 3:28; Ephesians 2:8-9; Philippians 3:9; Romans 6:4; Romans 7:4

Doctrinal Connections: justification by faith alone; simul justus et peccator; theology of the cross; bondage of the will; Law and Gospel