Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Commentary: Galatians 2:15-21

Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Reading of Galatians 2:15-21

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In Galatians 2:15-21, we read this passage as a profound exposition of the doctrine of justification by faith alone, apart from works of the law. This text underscores the transition from the old covenant to the new covenant in Christ, where the righteousness we possess is not our own but is imputed to us through faith in Christ. Paul articulates the futility of the law in achieving justification, emphasizing that it is through God's sovereign grace that we are justified. As the Apostle Paul speaks of being 'crucified with Christ,' we understand this as the believer's union with Christ — a central tenet in our covenantal framework.

Key Language Decisions

In the Greek, the term 'δικαιόω' (dikaioō), translated as 'justified,' carries the legal connotation of being declared righteous, which aligns with our doctrine of justification as a forensic act of God's grace. The use of 'πίστεως Χριστοῦ' (pisteōs Christou), often translated as 'faith in Christ' or 'faith of Christ,' is crucial as it emphasizes the object of faith — Christ himself — and not the act of faith as meritorious. The tradition emphasizes the received text's teaching that faith itself is a gift of God, underscoring monergistic salvation.

Where Traditions Diverge

Our reading diverges from the Roman Catholic tradition, which sees justification as a process involving the infusion of grace and the believer's cooperation. We affirm justification as a once-for-all declarative act of God's grace, not contingent upon human merit. Additionally, we differ from Arminian interpretations that allow for human free will to cooperate with grace, holding instead that justification is entirely a work of sovereign grace, apart from human action.

Pastoral Application

As we preach this passage, we must assure our congregants of the unshakeable foundation of their salvation in God's sovereign decree. Our justification does not rest on our fluctuating faithfulness but on the finished work of Christ, to whom we are united. This text calls us to live out our union with Christ, crucifying the old self and walking in newness of life. Our congregation should be encouraged to rest in the assurance that their standing before God is secure, not because of their works, but because they have been clothed in the righteousness of Christ. Furthermore, we remind them that this grace compels us to live for God's glory, soli Deo gloria, in every aspect of our lives.

Cross-References: Romans 3:28; Philippians 3:9; Ephesians 2:8-9; Romans 6:6; 2 Corinthians 5:21

Doctrinal Connections: Justification by faith alone; Imputed righteousness; Union with Christ; Covenant of grace; Forensic declaration of righteousness