Lutheran Lens Commentary: Romans 12:14-21

Lutheran Lens Reading of Romans 12:14-21

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In Romans 12:14-21, we read this passage as a call to live out our baptismal identity, understanding our actions through the lens of the Third Use of the Law. This section serves as guidance for the baptized community, reflecting how the justified sinner, empowered by the Holy Spirit, lives in the world. The passage underscores our calling to reflect Christ's love and mercy, not as a means to earn righteousness, but as the fruit of faith. Here, the emphasis is on the theology of the cross, where we recognize that true strength and love are found in serving others, even those who persecute us, echoing Christ's own sacrificial love.

Key Language Decisions

In verse 14, the Greek term 'eulogeo' (bless) extends beyond mere well-wishing to a call for active goodwill and prayer for enemies. This reflects our Lutheran understanding of Christian living as a response to grace, not a prerequisite for it. Additionally, the term 'antapodidomi' in verse 17, often translated as 'repay,' highlights the contrast between worldly justice and the grace-filled response expected of the believer, underscoring our theology of the cross where God's ways defy human expectations.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike Reformed traditions, which may emphasize this passage as a moral imperative within the framework of covenant obedience, we see it as describing the life of faith flowing from justification. Our Lutheran Lens focuses on the Gospel's transformative power rather than viewing these instructions as conditions for God's favor. This distinction is crucial as it maintains the purity of the Gospel promise, highlighting God's unconditional grace rather than human effort.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we emphasize to our congregation that these exhortations are not burdensome laws but opportunities to live out our baptismal identity in gratitude for the Gospel. We remind them that our ability to bless and love our enemies is not of our own strength but a fruit of the Spirit working in us. The congregation should hear the comforting assurance that, even as they struggle with loving those who persecute them, they remain simul justus et peccator — wholly justified in Christ even as they wrestle with sin. The focus is on Christ's work in us, empowering us to live lives marked by grace and mercy.

Cross-References: Matthew 5:44; 1 Peter 3:9; Ephesians 4:32; Proverbs 25:21-22; 1 John 4:19

Doctrinal Connections: Law and Gospel; simul justus et peccator; theology of the cross; Third Use of the Law; baptismal identity