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Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Commentary: Exodus 9:13-35

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Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Reading of Exodus 9:13-35

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read Exodus 9:13-35 as an integral part of the unfolding redemptive history, where God's sovereign power is displayed through the plagues as He hardens Pharaoh's heart for His own glory. This passage is not merely about God's judgments on Egypt but is a profound revelation of His covenantal faithfulness to Israel, prefiguring the ultimate deliverance through Christ. The hardening of Pharaoh’s heart underscores God's sovereign decree and serves as a reminder that salvation is monergistic, dependent solely on God's effectual calling and not human will.

Key Language Decisions

The Hebrew term 'כָּבֵד' (kabed) meaning 'hardened' in verse 34 supports the Reformed emphasis on God's sovereignty by indicating that Pharaoh's resistance is a divine action, not human initiative. The verb form used here denotes a causative action, reinforcing the doctrine of unconditional election. The semantic range of 'פָּרַע' (para) in verse 35, meaning 'released' or 'unbound,' reflects the divine authority to restrain or unleash, aligning with God's sovereign control over creation and history.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike Arminianism, which might interpret Pharaoh's hardening as a result of human free will, we affirm that it is entirely God's sovereign choice, demonstrating His power and divine purpose. Lutheran interpretations may stress God's mercy but often avoid emphasizing the same level of divine sovereignty in election, which we uphold as central to understanding God's dealings with Pharaoh and His covenant people.

Pastoral Application

In preaching this passage, we emphasize God's unchangeable nature and His faithfulness to His covenant promises, encouraging the congregation to trust in God's sovereign grace. We speak to the assurance that, just as God delivered Israel from bondage, He has secured our salvation through Christ. This text reminds us of God's absolute control over history, urging us to find comfort and confidence in His divine will, knowing that nothing can thwart His redemptive purposes for His elect. Our congregation should hear the call to live faithfully, assured that our salvation rests in God’s sovereign hands.

Cross-References: Romans 9:17-18; Exodus 4:21; Isaiah 46:9-10; John 12:40; Acts 2:23

Doctrinal Connections: Unconditional election; Total depravity; Irresistible grace; God's sovereign decree; Covenant of grace

Topics & Themes

Unconditional electionTotal depravityIrresistible graceGod's sovereign decreeCovenant of grace

Scripture References

Exodus 9:13-35

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