Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Commentary: John 5:10-18

Reformed (Presbyterian) Lens Reading of John 5:10-18

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

We read this passage as a profound demonstration of Christ’s divine authority and the unfolding revelation of the New Covenant. In confronting the Pharisees' legalism and their misunderstanding of the Sabbath, Jesus is not merely performing a miracle but asserting His identity as the Son of God, sovereign over the Sabbath and the Law. This encounter highlights the transition from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant in Christ, emphasizing His role as the fulfillment of the Law and the prophets. We see here the sovereign grace of God in action, revealing Christ as the ultimate revelation of God's redemptive plan.

Key Language Decisions

In verse 17, the Greek phrase 'My Father is working until now, and I am working' (ἐγώ, ἐργάζομαι) underscores the continuous and sovereign activity of God in history, which is central to our understanding of God’s providence. The use of 'Son of God' (υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ) in verse 18 is critical, affirming Christ's divine nature and equality with God, which is integral to our Christology. The Reformed tradition emphasizes the authority of this text as it confirms the deity of Christ and His active role in the divine economy.

Where Traditions Diverge

This Reformed reading diverges from Arminian traditions, which might emphasize human decision in response to Christ's works, whereas we focus on the sovereignty of God in revealing Christ's divine nature. Unlike some dispensational readings that separate the covenants, we see the continuity and fulfillment of the covenants in Christ, which is foundational to our covenant theology. This difference is crucial as it underscores our belief in God’s unbroken redemptive plan through history.

Pastoral Application

Preaching this passage, we should emphasize the assurance we have in Christ as the sovereign Lord who fulfills the law and reveals God’s grace. Our congregation will be encouraged to rest in the finished work of Christ, knowing their salvation is grounded in His divine authority and covenant faithfulness. We should call the church to rejoice in the rest Christ provides us, not through legalistic observance, but through union with Him. This text also challenges us to trust in God's sovereign work in our lives, encouraging perseverance in faith as we await the consummation of His kingdom.

Cross-References: Genesis 2:2-3; Isaiah 9:6-7; Matthew 12:8; Romans 8:3-4; Hebrews 4:9-10

Doctrinal Connections: Sovereignty of God; Covenant of Grace; Christ's fulfillment of the Law; Doctrine of the Trinity; Christology: the deity of Christ