Lutheran Lens Commentary: Ephesians 2:11-22

Lutheran Lens Reading of Ephesians 2:11-22

Tradition-Specific Interpretation

In Ephesians 2:11-22, we read this passage as a proclamation of the Gospel's power to create unity between Jew and Gentile, emphasizing that this unity comes not from human effort but from Christ's reconciling work. The Law is evident in the division and hostility that existed, both vertically with God and horizontally among people, which exposes our sin and inability to reconcile by ourselves. The Gospel shines as it reveals how Christ, through his blood, breaks down the dividing wall of hostility, making peace and creating one new humanity. This passage beautifully illustrates the theology of the cross, where Christ's suffering and death accomplish what human strength cannot — true reconciliation and peace.

Key Language Decisions

The Greek word 'katargeō' (καταργέω), meaning 'to abolish' or 'to nullify,' is crucial in verse 15, where it describes Christ abolishing the law of commandments in ordinances. This emphasizes the Gospel's power to transcend the Law's condemning function. The phrase 'en tōi sarki autou' (ἐν τῷ σαρκὶ αὐτοῦ), 'in his flesh,' highlights the real presence of Christ's incarnate sacrifice as the locus of reconciliation, affirming the sacramental reality of his work.

Where Traditions Diverge

Unlike some Reformed traditions that may emphasize covenant continuity or moral imperatives drawn from this passage, we focus on the unconditional grace that reconciles both Jew and Gentile through Christ alone. While some Roman Catholic interpretations might stress the ecclesial unity and hierarchy as a means of grace, we emphasize that the unity is a direct result of Christ's work, not mediated through ecclesiastical structures.

Pastoral Application

A Lutheran Lens pastor would emphasize the assurance of reconciliation accomplished by Christ, encouraging the congregation to find their identity in their baptismal unity with Him. The congregation should hear that any division or hostility they experience is a result of the old Adam, which Christ has overcome. This passage calls us to live out our baptismal identity, acknowledging that while we are simul justus et peccator, Christ's peace is already at work among us. Preach the sufficiency of Christ's atoning work and the real presence of His peace in the Lord's Supper, where He continues to break down dividing walls.

Cross-References: Colossians 1:19-22; Romans 5:1-11; Galatians 3:28; 1 Peter 2:9-10; Isaiah 57:19

Doctrinal Connections: justification by faith alone; simul justus et peccator; the theology of the cross; means of grace; baptismal identity